India, June 27 -- A blood clot in the leg may not seem serious at first. But if it travels to the lungs, it can cause a condition called Pulmonary Embolism (PE), a condition that can be life-threatening and, in some cases, lead to sudden death. While most patients recover with medication, some are left with chronic blockages as old clots become stuck in the lung arteries. Over time, these block blood flow, strain the heart, reduce oxygen delivery, and cause severe breathlessness that affects everyday life. For these patients, Pulmonary Endarterectomy (PEA) can be a life-saving treatment. The most common cause of PE is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), where blood clots form in the deep veins of the legs. If part of the clot breaks away, it can travel through the bloodstream and lodge in the arteries of the lungs. While PE is often treated successfully, some clots persist and become chronic, leading to Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH), a condition that raises pressure in the lung arteries, strains the heart, and causes breathlessness. In some cases, PE is massive, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure. If these symptoms develop after a history of DVT or PE, seek immediate medical evaluation. It is a highly specialised heart-lung surgery performed to remove old, organised blood clots from the pulmonary arteries. Restoring blood flow reduces strain on the heart, improves oxygenation, and relieves breathlessness and fatigue. For many patients with chronic pulmonary embolism, this surgery offers the best chance of long-term recovery and can improve both survival and quality of life. PEA is one of the most technically demanding operations in cardiothoracic surgery. It requires advanced infrastructure, specialised surgical expertise, and a multidisciplinary team experienced in managing complex pulmonary vascular diseases. Post-surgery ICU care is important and requires modern equipment and expertise. Because of its complexity, only a limited number of centres and surgeons perform this procedure, making timely referral to an experienced team extremely important. Not every PE requires surgery, but every patient deserves proper evaluation. Persistent breathlessness despite treatment should be assessed for chronic blockage of the pulmonary arteries. Early recognition of DVT, prompt treatment of PE and timely referral for PEA when needed can prevent serious complications, heart failure, and even sudden death. DVT often causes pain and swelling in the leg. Avoid massaging a swollen leg, as it may dislodge a clot and send it to the lungs. Always seek medical advice before trying home remedies for leg swelling....