ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 1 -- United States Patent no. 12,723,935, issued on Sept. 1, was assigned to Toyota Research Institute Inc (Los Altos, Calif.).

"Systems and devices for shear force estimation with off-axis membrane pressure measurement" was invented by Andrew M. Beaulieu (Somerville, Mass.) and Alexander Alspach (Somerville, Mass.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensor system includes a sensing surface and an array of pressure sensors arranged on the sensing surface. The array of pressure sensors includes at least one pressure sensor is parallel to the sensing surface, at least one pressure sensor is angled between parallel ...