ALEXANDRIA, Va., June 9 -- United States Patent no. 12,651,852, issued on June 9, was assigned to RICOH COMPANY LTD. (Tokyo).

"Member, conductive layer, method for manufacturing member, and method for forming conductive layer" was invented by Tohru Yashiro (Kanagawa, Japan), Shinji Matsumoto (Kanagawa, Japan), Takeshi Endoh (Kanagawa, Japan), Yuko Komai (Kanagawa, Japan), Hiroshi Kondo (Kanagawa, Japan), Hiroyuki Takahashi (Kanagawa, Japan), Muneaki Iwata (Kanagawa, Japan), Tohru Hasegawa (Kanagawa, Japan), Ryuya Mashiko (Tokyo), Shinichi Hatanaka (Tokyo) and Hiroyuki Hiratsuka (Kanagawa, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A member includes a base material and a conductive layer. The conduc...