ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 6 -- United States Patent no. 12,756,157, issued on Oct. 6, was assigned to KYOTO UNIVERSITY (Kyoto, Japan) and STANLEY ELECTRIC Co. LTD. (Tokyo).

"Photonic crystal surface light-emitting laser element" was invented by Susumu Noda (Kyoto, Japan), Takuya Inoue (Kyoto, Japan), Kei Emoto (Tokyo) and Tomoaki Koizumi (Tokyo).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser element includes: a first semiconductor layer formed by embedding a photonic crystal layer that includes air holes arranged with two-dimensional periodicity in a formation region in a plane parallel to the photonic crystal layer; an active layer formed on the first semiconductor layer...