ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 28 -- United States Patent no. 12,691,866, issued on July 28.

"Hybrid vehicle energy balance control system for CO2 reduction" was invented by Zhentao Xie (Auburn Hills, Mich.), Alessandro Lelli (Turin, Italy), Paolo Olivieri (Pecetto Torinese, Italy), Rudolf Kharpuri (Auburn Hills, Mich.), Giuseppe Corallo (Turin, Italy), Pier Luca DiGristina (Turin, Italy), Dario Morina (Turin, Italy) and Federico de Bosio (Turin, Italy).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) includes an internal combustion engine, an electric traction motor, a belt starter generator (BSG) unit, a low voltage battery system including a low voltage battery, and a high voltage batt...