India, July 23 -- The United States and Saudi Arabia have opened a new chapter in their decades-long strategic partnership by signing a landmark 30-year civilian nuclear cooperation agreement. Announced on July 22, the deal aims to help Saudi Arabia build its nuclear energy industry with American technology while creating major business opportunities for US companies.

However, the agreement has quickly become one of the most debated international developments because it could eventually allow the Gulf kingdom to enrich uranium on its own soil-a move that supporters say will strengthen energy security but critics warn could reshape nuclear politics across the Middle East.

What is the US-Saudi Nuclear Deal?

The agreement, signed by US En...