LUXEMBOURG, Oct. 13 -- European companies and banks were barred on Monday from dealing with 826 Russian firms that supply Moscow's missile, drone and aircraft lines, along with the 743 executives who run them. Their assets are frozen across the 27-member bloc, and the executives cannot enter it.

EU foreign ministers adopted the listings at the Foreign Affairs Council in Luxembourg after envoys agreed the text the previous week. EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas called it the single largest expansion of the bloc's sanctions list since February 2022. By arithmetic from the EU's own totals, more than a third of the roughly 4,600 names now on the Ukraine-related list arrived in a single vote.

The timing exposes a gap. On Friday Washington...