India, Sept. 2 -- The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague has ruled that the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty remains fully in force. A water dispute that has outlasted wars has now entered a legal battlefield

The Indus river system has been a source of both cooperation and conflict between India and Pakistan for more than six decades. Now, that decades-old tension has found a new arena: an international courtroom in The Hague.

On 31 August 2026, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) ruled unanimously that the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) "remains fully in force" and that India cannot unilaterally suspend or terminate it. Within hours, New Delhi rejected the award outright, calling the tribunal "illegally constituted" and saying it...