India, Nov. 11 -- The challenge is no longer setting ambitious targets but delivering finance, accelerating a just energy transition and turning promises into measurable action.

When COP31 began on November 9 at the Antalya Expo Centre in Turkiye, without much hype. It was more of a routine conference than a meaningful meeting of minds where some substantial, tangible decisions would be made. It has been more than ten years since the Paris Agreement, yet the planet keeps warming up every year at an ever-higher rate. The 31st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) will conclude on November 20, 2026.

The conference has to deal with the issues of record-breaking global temperatures and accelerating climate extremes. Its mandate, ...