New Delhi, May 22 -- Physics and Artificial Intelligence seem to share two defining traits-deep uncertainty and sharply divided opinions. A recent major physics survey of about 1,600 physicists underscored just how unsettled modern cosmology remains. Scientists still disagree on some of the field's biggest questions-from the nature of dark matter and the meaning of the Big Bang to whether string theory is even the right framework for understanding the universe.

AI is marked by a similar lack of consensus on foundational ideas. What qualifies as reasoning? Is a model that predicts tokens actually "thinking"? Does intelligence require consciousness, or is it simply a matter of function and behaviour?

For instance, Artificial General Intel...