Kuala Lampur, Oct. 26 -- Imagine taking antibiotics for a urinary tract infection, only for the infection to return weeks later. Or having a wound that refuses to heal despite repeated treatment. For some patients, the problem is not simply that antibiotics have stopped working. It is that bacteria have found clever ways to protect themselves. One of their most effective survival strategies is building a protective layer known as a biofilm.

Antibiotic resistance is among the world's most serious public health challenges. In 2021, bacterial resistance to antibiotics was estimated to have directly caused 1.14 million deaths worldwide and contributed to another 4.71 million deaths.

Researchers have warned that, without stronger action, ant...