Kuala Lampur, April 25 -- In 1964, a woman named Kitty Genovese was murdered in Queens, New York. According to a widely cited New York Times report, 38 people saw or heard the attack, yet not one of them called the police.

The story shocked the world. How could so many people remain silent in the face of danger?

This incident later led psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latane to describe what is now known as the Bystander Effect. Their work became one of the most influential studies in psychology, shaping how we understand human behaviour in group settings.

The Bystander Effect suggests that the more people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one individual is to help. At first, this seems counterintuitive. Shouldn't more pe...