India, April 26 -- Most healthy children can meet their nutritional needs through a balanced and varied diet, and supplements are recommended only in specific situations or when a deficiency is identified. An important concept to understand is 'hidden hunger', where a child may appear well-fed but still lack essential vitamins and minerals. This remains relevant in India, where micronutrient deficiencies are common. National data (NFHS-5) show that nearly two-thirds of children under five are anaemic, and over one-third are stunted, reflecting the ongoing burden of undernutrition (1). Nutritional needs vary with age, diet, and health status. While supplements and fortified foods can help prevent or treat deficiencies, they should never replace a healthy diet. Vitamin D is commonly recommended across age groups, particularly in breastfed infants. Iron is another important nutrient, especially after six months in children at risk of deficiency. Vitamin B12 may be required in children with low intake, particularly those on vegetarian or vegan diets. Calcium needs are usually met through dietary sources such as milk and dairy products, and supplements are rarely required unless intake is inadequate. Zinc is not needed routinely but is beneficial during episodes of acute diarrhoea. Vitamin A supplementation is recommended when deficiency is common, while vitamin K is routinely given at birth to prevent bleeding but not required later except for specific medical conditions such as liver disease, malabsorption, or prolonged antibiotic use. Routine multivitamins, 'immunity boosters', and health tonics are widely marketed but have limited evidence of benefit in healthy children with adequate diets. Excess supplements can also be harmful. Fat-soluble vitamins such as A and D can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity if taken unnecessarily. Overuse may also mask underlying nutritional issues that need proper evaluation. Over time, the approach to supplementation has shifted from routine use to a more targeted strategy. Instead of giving supplements to all children, the focus is now on identifying deficiencies, improving dietary diversity, and supplementing only when required. When in doubt, it is always advisable to consult a paediatrician. [1] NFHS-5 (2019-21), MoHFW, Government of India [2] ICMR-NIN. Nutrient Requirements for Indians (RDA & EAR). 2010 Dr Anupam Sibal is a leading paediatric gastroenterologist and hepatologist with over three decades of experience and five books to his credit, including the national bestseller Is Your Child Ready To Face the World?...