India, Aug. 6 -- The Indus Water Treaty (IWT), signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960, was a historic water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan. The IWT classifies Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab as the "western rivers", whereas Ravi, Beas, and Satluj are the "eastern rivers." The primary tributaries of the Indus system originating in India are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Ghaggar. After the April 2025 terror attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, in which 26 people were killed, India announced that it was holding the IWT in abeyance, given credible evidence of Pakistan's involvement in the attack.

After Partition, only 12 out of 143 canals in undivided Punjab remained with East Punjab (India). Most of the profitable schemes and technically...