India, Nov. 7 -- India and Australia's July partnership on cyber, critical technologies and supply chains creates a route from diplomatic alignment to industrial cooperation, where both nations stand to benefit. Quantum technology offers a practical test for the bilateral relationship. India brings public investment and emerging firms; Australia has companies working on quantum control and sensing, with applications in mining, water management and cybersecurity. Connecting these strengths around customers could produce products and services for both markets and support supply chains that extend beyond them.

But the partnership will strengthen India's quantum industry only if Indian firms gain durable roles in design, engineering, product...