U.S., March 31 -- ClinicalTrials.gov registry received information related to the study (NCT07499388) titled 'Assessment of Venous Return During Volume Expansion: a Prospective Observational Study' on April 18, 2025.

Brief Summary: According to Guyton's model of venous return, the fluids that effectively increase cardiac output are those that, once administered, increase the vascular stressed volume, thereby increasing the mean systemic filling pressure (Pms) without increasing the central venous pressure (CVP). In this way, since the gradient between Pms and CVP increases, venous return-and consequently cardiac output-also increases.

In cases where physiologically ineffective fluids are administered, the situation arises in which, in add...