Dehradun, July 11 -- how much personal data should states be allowed to access to thwart threats, versus how heavily individuals and tech infrastructure should be protected from unwarranted state surveillance.

Governments argue that robust end-to-end encryption creates "going dark" zones that hinder investigations into terrorism and organized crime. As a result, authorities often advocate for backdoors or key escrows. Conversely, cybersecurity and privacy advocates stress that any backdoor created for law enforcement introduces systemic vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious hackers and hostile nations. This tension heavily impacts legislative frameworks and individual rights.

These include Constitutional Rights: In landmark j...