Nepal, April 1 -- An enforceable mechanism of public accountability (EMPA) is the cornerstone of democratic governance. In practice, depending on the legal urgency and administrative reasonableness of a case, measures such as rule-based sanctions, a time-bound review process and real-time financial tracking by the competent agencies determine whether state institutions genuinely serve citizens or merely shield power elites and/or a vested interest.

The strong showing of the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) in the 2026 general election, together with its call for constitutional amendments, has renewed debate on how Nepal can strengthen institutional accountability. As argued in Rethinking electoral systems published in this paper, reforms m...