India, June 4 -- Artificial intelligence is reshaping agriculture, boosting yields and resource efficiency in rich countries through precision tools, strong infrastructure and clear data rules.

But in developing regions, where smallholder farmers dominate, poor connectivity, weak electricity, high costs and low digital literacy mean AI risks deepening existing inequalities instead of improving food security and resilience.

Globally, agriculture faces mounting pressures. These are driven by climate change, land degradation, labour shortages, supply chain disruptions and the demand for food from a growing population.

At the same time, productivity is uneven. For example, maize yields in the US often exceed 10 tons per hectare. These high...