Pakistan, June 18 -- The reported agreement between the United States and Iran to halt hostilities and launch a broader diplomatic process has triggered one of the most intense political reactions inside Israel in recent years. While the agreement is being presented internationally as a breakthrough that could end a costly regional confrontation and bring stability to multiple fronts, many Israeli political leaders view it as a strategic setback that leaves critical security concerns unresolved. The controversy has rapidly evolved into a debate not only about Iran, but also about the political future of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

The strongest criticism came from across Israel's political spectrum. Opposition leader Yair Golan de...