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India-Pakistan as nuclear rivals

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- The nuclearisation of South Asia further complicates the landscape. India and Pakistan are often called "nuclear flashpoints," yet the global discourse rarely applies similar ter... Read More


Field Marshals and the Pakistani Psyche

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- Over the last six decades, Pakistan's military elite has consistently positioned itself as the saviour of the nation: Field Marshal Ayub Khan initiated the misadventure of 1965. ... Read More


The course of Battle: From Punjab to Hajipir

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- India responded decisively once provoked. On the night of 6/7 September 1965, formations crossed into Pakistani Punjab. 3 JAT, 15 Dogra and 13 Punjab, supported by the Scinde Hor... Read More


Political undercurrents in Pakistan

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- The war also coincided with political turmoil in Pakistan. Fatima Jinnah, sister of Pakistan's founder, contested the 1965 presidential elections against Ayub Khan. Although she ... Read More


Indian armour and air power: Numbers and limitations

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- At the cusp of 1965, the balance of armour and air power was stark: * Pakistan possessed 15 armoured regiments, bolstered by M-48 Patton tanks courtesy of its SEATO and CENTO al... Read More


Geopolitical Backdrop: Perceptions of weakness and miscalculation

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- The perception of a weakened India significantly influenced Pakistan's decision to start the conflict in 1965. The 1962 debacle against China left scars on the Indian military an... Read More


The 7th Light Cavalry and the spirit of defiance

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- In 1965, the 7th Light Cavalry was converting to PT-76 tanks. According to Army Headquarters' policy, the unit was not expected to be battle-ready. However, the commanding office... Read More


Why so many young people in China are hugging trees

India, Dec. 31 -- In Beijing, young people are increasingly embracing tree hugging as a form of therapy to combat loneliness and stress, especially post-COVID. Forest therapist Xiaoyang Wong leads se... Read More


Commemorating the 1965 War Insights, reflections and lessons for the future

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- The Indo-Pak War of 1965, often called "The War of Redemption," restored India's military confidence after 1962 and exposed Pakistan's miscalculations born of overconfidence and ... Read More


Air Marshal (R) Harish Masand says... I learnt more than flying from them: JP Singh

New Delhi, Dec. 31 -- The first time I met Air Commodore Janak Pratap Singh was when he was Joint Director Air Staff Inspections (ASI) in the rank of Group Captain in Air HQ (Vayu Bhavan) in July 1981... Read More