Jakarta, Sept. 28 -- The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) said the blue fire phenomenon at Manuk Crater on Mount Papandayan, West Java, was triggered by high-temperature volcanic gas released at concentrations exceeding normal limits levels.

The Head of the PVMBG Geological Agency, Rita Susilawati, on Monday, said the blue fire phenomenon on Mount Papandayan was observed on September 24, 2026.

She explained that the bluish flames occur when high-temperature sulfur gas escaping through fumarole cracks reacts chemically with oxygen in the air.

Direct inspections by the Geological Agency's expert team in the field found the release of volcanic gases exceeding safe health limits, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) ...