ALEXANDRIA, Va., Feb. 17 -- United States Patent no. 12,551,473, issued on Feb. 17, was assigned to VDF FutureCeuticals Inc. (Momence, Ill.).

"Compositions and methods for increasing athletic performance" was invented by Zbigniew Pietrzkowski (Momence, Ill.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Compositions, methods, and uses are contemplated in which a betalain-containing preparation is administered to a mammal to enhance athletic performance. Most preferably, the preparations are substantially nitrate free and acutely and transiently increase hematocrit, erythropoietin, adrenalin, and beta endorphin, while reducing serum lactate, serum lactate dehydrogenase, heart rate and a rate of perceived exer...