ALEXANDRIA, Va., Dec. 16 -- United States Patent no. 12,497,525, issued on Dec. 16, was assigned to Societe BIC (Clichy, France), Universite de Haute Alsace (Mulhouse, France) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris).

"Process of preparation of an aqueous gel ink with fixed color comprising gold nanoparticles" was invented by Olivier Albenge (Clichy, France), Romain Metillon (Clichy, France), Karine Mougin (Paris), Feriel Ghellal (Clichy, France) and Arnaud Spangenberg (Mulhouse, France).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention concerns a process for preparing in situ an aqueous gel ink with fixed color comprising the following steps: (i) preparing a gel-based matri...