ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 24 -- United States Patent no. 12,745,565, issued on Sept. 22, was assigned to SEIKO EPSON Corp. (Japan).

"Manufacturing method of piezoelectric element, piezoelectric element, and liquid droplet dispensing head" was invented by Yasuhiro Itayama (Kai, Japan), Yasuhiro Horiba (Shiojiri, Japan) and Masahiro Takeuchi (Chino, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A manufacturing method of a piezoelectric element includes: forming a first conductive film on a vibration plate as a substrate; etching a first conductive film; forming a second conductive film on the first conductive film; etching the second conductive film to form a first electrode having a step region as a step ...