ALEXANDRIA, Va., May 5 -- United States Patent no. 12,618,165, issued on May 5, was assigned to PRINCE SATTAM BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY (Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia).

"Electrode and method of preparation thereof" was invented by Maged Naji Yahya Shaddad (Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An electrode which includes nanoparticles of a carbon-doped tin oxide of formula C-SnO2-x where x=is from 0.001 to 0.1, having surface oxygen vacancies. The electrode includes a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. A film of the nanoparticles is present on at least one surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The surface oxygen vacancies correspond to an O 1s peak shift of 0.5-2 eV in t...