ALEXANDRIA, Va., June 16 -- United States Patent no. 12,304,821, issued on May 20, was assigned to Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.).

"Additive-free carbon particle dispersions, pastes, gels and doughs" was invented by Jiaxing Huang (Wilmette, Ill.) and Kevin Chiou (Chicago).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Compositions of carbon particles dispersed in phenolic solvents or dispersed in solvent mixtures of one or more phenolic solvents with one or more non-phenolic solvents are provided. The compositions can take the form of liquid dispersions, pastes, gels, and doughs. Also provided are methods of making the compositions and methods of forming the compositions into coatings, films, fibers...