ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 14 -- United States Patent no. 12,680,048, issued on July 14, was assigned to CHEMETALL GMBH (Frankfurt am Main, Germany).

"One-step pretreatment method of metallic substrates for metal cold forming" was invented by Yinfeng Shi (Frankfurt am Main, Germany).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Disclosed herein is a method for pretreatment of a metallic substrate for a subsequent metal cold forming process, said method including providing at least one substrate, and contacting at least one surface of the substrate with an aqueous lubricant composition (B). The aqueous lubricant composition (B) has a pH value in the range of from 0.1 to 6.0, and includes water in an amount of at l...