U.S., Jan. 8 -- ClinicalTrials.gov registry received information related to the study (NCT07323277) titled 'Effect of Smoking on Macrophage Polarization in Periodontitis' on Dec. 04, 2025.
Brief Summary: This observational case-control study investigates the effect of smoking on macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Adult participants who were either systemically healthy smokers or non-smokers, and who met the clinical criteria for periodontal health or periodontitis, were included. Gingival tissue samples were collected during periodontal procedures performed after completion of Phase I periodontal therapy, and the expression levels of macrophage polarization markers (iNOS and Arginase-1) were analyzed using ELISA....