India, Oct. 24 -- A dividend is a portion of a company's profits distributed to its shareholders as a reward for their investment. To be eligible to receive a dividend, an investor must purchase the shares before the ex-dividend date. Investors who buy shares on or after the ex-dividend date are not entitled to the declared dividend.

A stock split occurs when a company increases the number of its outstanding shares by reducing the face value of each share. As a result, shareholders hold more shares, while the price per share decreases proportionately, leaving the overall value of their investment largely unchanged. Stock splits can also make shares more affordable, improving accessibility for retail and small investors.

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