Srinagar, Sept. 23 -- In March this year, I sat in front of my screen feeling a rare sense of relief.

The J&K Assembly was in session and Deputy Chief Minister Surinder Chowdhary, who also heads the Mining Department, announced that a Haryana-based construction company, NKC Projects Pvt. Ltd., had been penalised Rs 80 lakh.

The company had been caught carrying out illegal riverbed mining in the Shaliganga stream in Budgam. For someone like me, who has spent years campaigning against unregulated sand and boulder extraction in Kashmir's fragile rivers, this sounded like a long-awaited sign that the system was finally working.

The case was serious.

In Khansahib, locals had seen heavy machinery, including L&T cranes and JCBs, ploughing...