New Delhi, June 29 -- The global competition for talent is no longer an issue that lurks quietly in the background of economic policy. It is becoming one of the key tests of a country's competitiveness. Countries that can attract, retain and integrate skilled individuals are in a stronger position to develop advanced industries, increase their research capacity, strengthen their supply chains and adapt to technological disruption. Those that fail to do so risk losing out on growth, both to lower costs abroad and to more organised talent systems elsewhere.

The issue is especially complex for the United States. It remains one of the world's strongest magnets for scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, healthcare professionals, researchers, i...