THE HAGUE, Oct. 15 -- At least 52 women and one girl were arrested or detained in Herat and Kabul between July and September over dress-code rules, the UN mission in Afghanistan said on October 8, and were released after several hours.

Three days earlier, judges at the International Criminal Court had unsealed arrest warrants for four Taliban leaders. The court said it has reasonable grounds to believe Haibatullah Akhundzada, Abdul Hakim Haqqani, Habibullah Agha and Neda Mohammad Nadim ordered, induced or solicited the crime against humanity of persecution, on gender grounds against girls, women and others who do not conform to Taliban policy, and on political grounds against people seen as "allies of girls and women."

The first two war...