Ludhiana, Aug. 8 -- In a striking paradox that has unfolded over the past three decades, Punjab has witnessed a sharp decline in its bovine population even as milk production has soared to record levels. Data compiled by experts at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (Gadvasu) reveals that while the number of cattle and buffaloes has dropped by over 31% since 1990, milk output has surged by an astonishing 172%.

In 1990, Punjab's bovine population stood at approximately 8.41 million. By 2024, this figure had fallen to around 5.79 million. The decline has been more pronounced among buffaloes, whose numbers dropped by over 37%-from 5.58 million to 3.49 million. The cattle population, including cows, saw a relatively sma...