India, June 24 -- When the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issues a Complete Response Letter (CRL), it means a drug application will not be approved in its current form. For biotech investors, this single letter can trigger dramatic market reactions - often wiping out half a company's value overnight. Understanding what a CRL means, why it happens, and how companies respond is essential for anyone tracking biotech catalysts.

A Complete Response Letter (CRL) is the FDA's formal notice to a drug sponsor that the agency has completed its review of a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA) and found that the application cannot be approved in its current form. Instead of approving, the FDA outlines the specific...