India, Aug. 26 -- "O' Ganga, why do you flow?" asked the celebrated singer-composer Bhupen Hazarika in his song released over half-a-century ago. The lyrics questioned the mighty river for flowing, even as the countrymen were exploited along its banks. The socio-political message was echoed over loudspeakers in events and public gatherings. Raj Kapoor's Ram Teri Ganga Maili, released four decades ago, addressed the issue through its female-lead character, named Ganga. The real Ganga flowed as it did for centuries.

But neither Hazarika nor Kapoor questioned the exploitation of the holy river. Its deteriorating health went unnoticed. Of course, there were hues and cries about pollution and waste, but actions were minimal. The Ganga serves ...