India, Feb. 12 -- As Bangladesh votes amid a period of intense political transition, the country's minority communities have sent out a clear message, participation in the democratic process depends on security.

"Minorities will come out to vote only if they feel safe," said Monindra Kumar Nath, acting general secretary of the Bangladesh Hindu, Buddhist and Christian Unity Council. "If there is an atmosphere of peace and protection, our people will exercise their democratic rights. But without security, many will remain indoors."

The remarks come as the nation holds elections following the fall of the Awami League Government. The political upheaval has heightened anxiety among minority groups, particularly Hindus, who constitute roughly...