Nigeria, Oct. 7 -- The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries on how the immune system distinguishes between harmful germs and the body's own cells.

The announcement was made on Monday, October 6, 2025, by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden.

The three scientists were recognized for uncovering a key mechanism known as peripheral immune tolerance, which helps prevent the immune system from attacking healthy tissue. Their findings revealed the critical role of regulatory T cells, sometimes called T-regs, in keeping immune responses under control.

Professor Olle Kampe, chair of the Nobel Committee, said the d...