New Delhi, March 11 -- Federal Reserve officials are facing down a pivotal week for inflation data while contending with growing internal disagreements about the biggest risks facing the U.S. economy.

The divide could shape monetary policy for the remainder of the year. It will determine how high the bar is for future rate cuts, how policymakers respond to an oil shock that has pushed crude prices above $100 a barrel, and whether investors should prepare for a prolonged pause rather than a move toward cheaper borrowing.

One camp, the dovish wing of the Fed, argues the central bank should continue cutting interest rates as the labor market weakens and tariff driven price pressures fade (others, including Kevin Warsh, the heir-apparent to...