India, Aug. 12 -- justify;">A kidney cancer diagnosis brings a whole array of emotional turmoil and uncertainty about tomorrow to anyone's life. Adding to them are fear and challenging treatment decisions, making the recovery path seem like a faraway dream. For decades, treatment followed a predictable path: surgery where possible, and limited options once the disease advanced. But, over the last 10 years, that picture has changed as immunotherapy emerged as a glimmer of hope to many stage 4 kidney cancer patients in India.

Surgery Remains the First Line of Defence

In most early stage kidney cancers, surgery (total or partial nephrectomy) remains the first line of treatment. Depending on tumour size and location, this may be a partial n...