India, Oct. 23 -- Economic progress in India is said to have demographic winds at its back. Half of Indians are under 29, and the working-age population will keep growing until about 2040. But a demographic dividend depends on how many working-age adults have jobs. By the weekly measure in the government's own labour survey, only a third of Indian women are in the labour force. That is among the lowest rates in the world, below even Saudi Arabia's. None of the East Asian economies that reached upper-middle income had female labour force participation much below 45%. In China, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, young women staffed the factory floors that turned surplus labour into export earnings. The Indian government has set a target of 7...