India, June 26 -- The new Class 9 textbook describes the judiciary as an "impartial and independent institution" that safeguards citizens' rights and upholds the spirit of the Constitution. Under a section titled 'Separation of Powers' in a chapter on democracy, the textbook highlights that the judiciary takes Public Interest Litigation (PIL) "from time to time to ensure access to justice for all".

The new textbook talks about various functions of judiciary, stating that the judiciary reviews executive actions and constitutional amendments, can invalidate unconstitutional laws, "upholds the Constitution", and "plays a vital role in protecting and promoting democratic values and the rights of all sections of the society."

In the earlier ...