India, Oct. 23 -- Article 51A(h) of the Constitution declares it a fundamental duty of every citizen to cultivate scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform. Yet this mandate has often struggled to translate into institutional practice. The recent litigation over misleading medical advertisements illustrates the difficulty. In April 2024, the Supreme Court rebuked Patanjali Ayurved for disparaging modern medicine in its campaigns. Even as the case was in court, the AYUSH ministry issued a notification deleting Rule 170 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. Introduced to curb exaggerated claims, the rule required advertisements for Ayurvedic, Siddha, or Unani medicines to be pre-approved by State licensing authorit...