India, Nov. 17 -- The COP30 Presidency has released a summary note outlining four key issues that remain unresolved after recent consultations. One of the most critical points is Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, which clearly states that developed countries are required to provide financial support to developing nations for both climate mitigation and adaptation.

How this obligation is interpreted, and whether developed countries agree to stronger, clearer commitments, will be a major focus of negotiations this week, especially for developing countries such as India.

This summary will further form the basis for a package out of Belem, the Presidency has said.

On Article 9.1, the summary provides three options: (1) a three-year Belem...