India, July 2 -- Venezuela's recent earthquakes expose the hard limits of early warning systems: quakes still cannot be precisely predicted, and people near the epicentre often get little or no notice.

AI, satellites and dense seismic networks improve rapid detection and damage estimates.

However, physical constraints, complex ruptures and patchy national infrastructure mean warnings remain uneven and sometimes confusing.

Earthquakes still arrive without warning. That is the hard truth scientists have been forced to accept, despite a decade of advances in artificial intelligence, satellite monitoring and dense seismic networks.

We are getting better at detecting earthquakes once they start. We are now better at estimating the damage t...