India, Nov. 4 -- A new COP30 roadmap urges countries to develop national plans to reduce fossil fuel consumption, expand cleaner energy and restructure fossil fuel-dependent economies.

India has refused to sign the COP31 Presidency's 35-by-35 Global Electrification Pledge, which aims to raise electricity's share of global final energy consumption to 35% by 2035.

Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav reiterated India's opposition to the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), citing national economic interests.

India called for greater international climate finance, highlighting the gap between existing commitments and the needs of developing countries.

The voluntary roadmap recognises different national capacities but faces que...