India, Nov. 13 -- Over one billion hectares are needed for countries to meet climate pledges, risking community displacement and food insecurity.

It criticises reliance on unrealistic carbon removal projects and calls for forest protection as a priority.

Economic reforms are suggested to bridge the gap between current policies and sustainable forest management.

Countries' climate pledges will require more than one billion hectares of land - an area larger than Australia - to deliver promised carbon removals, according to a new analysis released at the 30th Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) summit on November 12, 2025 in Brazil.

The authors of the report warned that this dependen...