India, Oct. 7 -- image credit- shutterstock

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 to: Mary E. Brunkow Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA; Fred Ramsdell Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, USA; andShimon Sakaguchi Osaka University, Osaka, Japan "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance"

Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell made the other key discovery in 2001, when they presented the explanation for why a specific mouse strain was particularly vulnerable to autoimmune diseases. They had discovered that the mice have a mutation in a gene that they named Foxp3. They also showed that mutations in the human equivalent of this gene cause a seri...