Singapore, Aug. 4 -- However, conventional manufacturing approaches face significant hurdles: plasmid-based transfection is often inefficient due to DNA-induced toxicity, while viral vectors carry inherent safety concerns and regulatory complexity. These limitations frequently necessitate multiple expansion cycles, making the process labor-intensive, costly, and prone to T-cell exhaustion.

Minicircle DNA offers a powerful alternative. With its minimal size and lack of bacterial backbone, minicircle DNA dramatically reduces DNA toxicity and immunogenicity-resulting in more efficient gene transfer and enhanced T-cell viability. When paired with transposon systems such as Sleeping Beauty or PiggyBac, it enables non-viral gene integration wi...