Jakarta, Sept. 9 -- The Ministry of National Development Planning (PPN) believes Indonesia must shift away from an economic growth model dependent on cheap labor and natural resources to avoid the middle-income trap.

At a joint conference with the Asian Development Bank Institute in Jakarta on Wednesday, Minister of PPN Rachmat Pambudy said the transformation requires a shift towards growth driven by high productivity, innovation, and institutional strengthening.

He also sees human resources quality improvement as crucial foundation for supporting this economic transformation.

"To improve the quality of human resources, we must enhance the quality of education, the health system, as well as strengthen social protection," Pambudy noted....